ABSTRACT
Objectives: To create a dietary isoflavones scoring database for future use in cancer epidemiologic studies. To investigate the role of isoflavones in aetiology of prostate cancer
Materials and Methods: A population based case- control study was conducted on 525 cases and 843 controls. To create an isoflavones scoring database, a creditable phytoestrogens database, and data from publications were used to create a mathematical computerised calculation program. Then after obtaining isoflavone intake for each individual, an unconditional logistic regression with various models was carried out
Results: There are 131 food items in the Food Frequency Question [FFQ]. Isoflavones values have been assigned to 56 items out of 131. The results of the analysis to explore the role of isoflavones either as a continuous or quintile variable were not significant, not a single quintile of isoflavones showed any significant association with prostate cancer risk
Conclusion: The isoflavones scoring database has been created. The analysis of the young prostate cancer study dataset and the role of isoflavones in disease aetiology has not shown a statistically significant association
ABSTRACT
There is evidence that a substantial part of genetic predisposition to prostate cancer (PCa) may be due to lower penetrance genes which are found by genome-wide association studies. We have recently conducted such a study and seven new regions of the genome linked to PCa risk have been identified. Three of these loci contain candidate susceptibility genes: MSMB, LMTK2 and KLK2/3. The MSMB and KLK2/3 genes may be useful for PCa screening, and the LMTK2 gene might provide a potential therapeutic target. Together with results from other groups, there are now 23 germline genetic variants which have been reported. These results have the potential to be developed into a genetic test. However, we consider that marketing of tests to the public is premature, as PCa risk can not be evaluated fully at this stage and the appropriate screening protocols need to be developed. Follow-up validation studies, as well as studies to explore the psychological implications of genetic profile testing, will be vital prior to roll out into healthcare.